Protection of Human Subjects and Animals in Research

Experimental research involving human participants or animals must have received prior ethical approval from the appropriate Institutional Review Board (IRB), Ethics Committee, or equivalent regulatory authority of the authors’ institution. Authors must clearly state in the manuscript the name of the approving body and approval reference number, where applicable. Research involving human participants must be conducted in accordance with internationally recognized ethical standards, including the Declaration of Helsinki and its subsequent amendments.

Link for Declaration of Helsinki:
https://www.wma.net/policies-post/wma-declaration-of-helsinki-ethical-principles-for-medical-research-involving-human-subjects/

Research Involving Human Subjects

Written informed consent must be obtained from all patients or research participants prior to their inclusion in the study. Authors must ensure that participants’ identity, confidentiality, and privacy are fully protected throughout the manuscript. The study should adhere to the recommendations of the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors on the protection of research participants. A clear statement indicating whether informed consent was obtained must be included in the manuscript, either in the Methods section, Acknowledgements, or in a separate ethics statement. If informed consent was obtained orally only, or if consent was waived or not obtained, the authors must provide a clear justification in the manuscript. Such circumstances must have been reviewed and approved by the authors’ Institutional Review Board or Ethics Committee.

Link for Protection of Research Participants:
https://www.icmje.org/recommendations/browse/roles-and-responsibilities/protection-of-research-participants.html